Sprains And Strains

Sprains

Joints are comprised of bones, muscles and ligaments. The role of the ligament is to connect the bones of a joint. They are flexible but tough, fibrous cords running alongside the bone. If they stretch beyond their capacity, injury can result.

A sprain is a type of soft-tissue injury that occurs when the ligaments in a joint are stretched or torn. It can occur in any joint, but it's most commonly seen in the wrist, ankle, and knee. Neck sprains are also a common injury in car accident victims. Whatever the cause of the sprain, symptoms and treatment are similar and will depend on the severity of the injury.

A sprained joint can be identified by the swelling and bruising that develops in the area. Pain, tenderness and reduced mobility in the affected joint are also common symptoms. Patients may find that putting weight on the affected joint is painful or difficult. In cases where a ligament is completely torn or ruptured, a wet "popping" sound may be heard at the time of the injury, and the joint may feel loose.

Diagnosis of a sprain usually consists of a physical examination and x-ray to rule out the presence of any fractures. If ligament rupture is suspected, the doctor may also complete an MRI to get a clear picture of the soft tissues within the joint.

 

 

Mild or first-degree sprains consist only of a few fibers of the ligament being torn; a second-degree sprain is more severe and compromises more fibers, and a third-degree sprain refers to a total tearing of the affected ligament.

Emergency treatment for a sprain will depend on its location and severity, but will usually focus on reducing inflammation, immobilizing the joint and keeping weight off of it. NSAID painkillers will reduce pain and help to keep inflammation at a minimum as well. In most cases, the ligament will begin to heal itself within several weeks of rest. In more serious cases where the ligament is completely torn, surgical intervention may be necessary to permanently repair the joint.

If you experience a sprain, you can help to reduce the immediate effects of swelling by applying ice and elevating the damaged body part. After that, you will need to seek medical care to rule out more serious damage and receive proper treatment. Physical therapy after the joint heals may also be required to give the joint full strength and prevent recurrences in the future.