Influenza

The "Flu"

Influenza, often referred to as the flu, is a common infectious disease that can spread very quickly.  Around 20% of Americans catch the flu each year, and flu epidemics are responsible for about 200,000 hospitalizations and 36,000 deaths each year (http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/15107.php ).

For most people, the flu is relatively mild and more of an inconvenience than a life-threatening illness. It should resolve on its own with just rest and fluids within a week or two.  People with compromised immune systems, including young children and the elderly, may be at risk of serious complications.  Because influenza is so infectious and can be dangerous to much of the population, a vaccine is available to prevent flu from spreading.

Be aware also that many other serious illnesses present themselves with similar symptoms as the flu, so it's a good idea to get medical care if your symptoms are especially severe or last a long time.

The symptoms of the influenza virus are similar to those of the common cold, but they're usually more severe:

-- Fever of 100 degrees or more
-- Headache and muscle pain
-- Fatigue
-- Sore throat
-- Coughing
-- Runny nose or nasal congestion

Some people with the flu also experience gastrointestinal upset, such as nausea and diarrhea, when sick.  The presence of fever and extreme fatigue can usually differentiate the flu from a cold, and severity of symptoms can also help distinguish between them.  Treatment for both is very similar, however: rest, fluids and over-the-counter  drugs to manage symptoms like fever and congestion. 

Flu viruses mutate quickly, so a new vaccine is required each year, but a flu vaccine will greatly decrease the number of infections and the severity of epidemics.  Flu vaccines are available in doctor's offices and many pharmacies at a low cost; you might also be able to get the shot for free through a school or employer-funded program.