Back Pain

Lumbar/Sacral Pain

"Back pain" is a general term for a symptom that could be caused by a variety of disorders.  In general, back pain refers to any aches and pains occurring along the length of the spine, although lower back pain is the most common complaint.  According to one study by the National Health Service, back pain affects around 80 percent of the population and is a leading cause for missing work or visiting the doctor.

Although the complaint is common, the causes behind back pain can vary substantially from one patient to the next. Back pain can also be acute (new injury) or chronic (ongoing pain from an injury many years ago).

 

 

There are a few common causes of back pain:

-- Mechanical problems, which refer to any issues with the way the bones of the spine fit together and move.  For example, the discs between vertebrae may wear down and lose their cushioning ability, which can cause the bones to grind against each other uncomfortably.  Other mechanical problems include muscle spasms and herniated discs. 

-- Injuries, including sprains, strains and fractures.  These are often caused by accidents and falls, or by inappropriately lifting a heavy object.  People with osteoporosis are at an increased risk of bone fractures in the spine. 

-- Acquired diseases and conditions.  This covers a range of conditions including arthritis, fibromyalgia and scoliosis.  Back pain is also a secondary symptom of pregnancy, and it can be a sign of other internal problems ranging from kidney disease to gallstones and endometriosis. 

-- Infections and tumors.  Although these are relatively uncommon, infections can cause inflammation of the vertebral discs and surrounding areas.  Additionally, tumors can sometimes originate in or spread to the spine. 

Although most pain has a physical reason, back pain can be exacerbated by emotional stress.  People who are obese may also suffer from back pain more frequently than those in good physical shape as the spine and back muscles must support more weight. 

The treatment for back pain depends on its underlying cause and severity.  A doctor will want to complete a thorough physical exam and possibly use diagnostic tools like an X-ray or MRI to identify any injuries and inflammation.  Pain management might consist of NSAIDs, muscle relaxants or opiates depending on the cause and severity of the pain.  A new injury should have ice applied for the first 2-3 days. Afterwards heat to the affected area can help by increasing circulation and relaxing tight muscles. Physical therapy can help strengthen and repair damaged muscles after an injury.